AWS architecture comprises crucial components like Amazon EC2 for scalable compute capacity, Amazon S3 for secure object storage, and Amazon RDS for managed databases. Elastic Load Balancing ensures even distribution of traffic, while Amazon VPC facilitates secure network configurations. AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) governs user permissions, ensuring security. S3, CloudFront, and Amazon Glacier form a robust storage ecosystem. These interconnected components create a flexible, scalable, and secure foundation for diverse cloud applications.